Reciprocating pump mechanical engineering in process. The working principle of the external gear pump is illustrated in figure 1. Precise by design, they deliver accurate and repeatable performance, a smooth flow and a pressure up to 18 bar 260 psi. This means that the pump without crescent can have a larger theoretical displacement when the tooth width, the tip diameter of the driving gear and the outer diameter of. Hydraulic gear pump failure and maintenance execute component in the work speed can not reach the specified value, the main cause is the hydraulic system supply pressure oil shortage.
The gear pump is a precision machine with extremely tight fits and tolerances, and is capable of working against high differential pressures. Theyre also birotational, meaning that the same pump can be used to load and unload vessels. An internal gear pump uses internal and external gears figure 2, below. Me8694 question bank hydraulics and pneumatics regulation 2017. External gear pump overview external gear pumps are a popular pumping principle and are often used as lubrication pumps in machine tools, in fluid power transfer units, and as oil pumps in engines.
The operating pressure at the pump outlet side is specified also for fireresistant and environmen tallyfriendly fluids hfc. A drive gear that is driven by a motor rotates an idler gear in the opposite direction. The casing of the pump is as important as the gear. Its output flow tends to vary little with respect to the pressure at the pump outlet, because the moving. The speed of the pump can be reduced or the existing impeller can be trimmed or new lower size impeller.
There are three stages in an internal gear pump s working cycle. Tandem and multiple pumps are available worldwide in more than variants. Pdf gear pumps represent the majority of the fixed displacement. In a positivedisplacement pd pump, a discrete amount of fluid is trapped, forced through the pump, and discharged. Fluidotech ig series positive displacement internal gear pumps are designed to work in harsh environments, with unfiltered, abrasive fluids and in a wide temperature and viscosity range. Gear pump working principle animation video a gear pump is a rotary type of positive displacement pump. The straightforward and rugged construction guarantees long service life without the need for extensive maintenance. An external gear pump consists of two identical, interlocking gears supported by separate shafts. There are several gear pump pdf books available in market. The qx pumps are the 5th generation of bucher internal gear pumps, which have proven themselves in thirty years of service around the world. The arrows indicate the direction of the pump and liquid. The blue pump curve represents either of these options. Internal gear pumps internal gear pumps are exceptionally versatile. But there are other simpler options rather than replacing the pump.
An external precision gear pump is usually limited to a maximum working pressure of 210 bars 21,000 kpa and a maximum speed of 3,000 rpm. Internal gear pump design for high viscosity fluids. A pump is a device that moves fluids liquids or gases, or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy. Therefore they are an excellent answer for the most demanding applications. As the gears come out of mesh on the inlet side of the pump, they create an expanded volume. A pump may be driven by hand, by an electric motor, by an internal combustion engine, or by hydraulic or pneumatic means.
However in lobe pumps, the lobes do not make any contact like external gear pump see figure 5. Internal gear pumps the crescent internal gear pump has an outer or rotor gear that is generally used to drive the inner or idler gear figure 1. In mechanical pumps, the gas present in a vacuum system is transferred from a low pressure to a. The gears themselves are lubricated by the fluid, which is of a lubricating nature. A gear pump uses two meshing, toothed cogs to force water from the inlet of the pump through to the outlet. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
The working principle of gear pump the structure of the gear pump is very simple, that is, it is the most basic form of two dimensions of the same gear in a tight fit the shell body of a mesh with each other in the rotation, the shell of internal similar 8 glyph, two gear installed inside, outside diameter of gear on both sides and the shell and tight fit. What we now need is a new pump which will operate with its best efficiency point at c. The useful viscosity range of an internal gear pump is from 1cps to over 1,000,000cp 14. Working mechanism of a centrifugal pump a centrifugal pump is one of the simplest pieces of equipment in any process plant. Based on its design a gear pump can be of external or internal gear type. Download the file data into the pump memory disconnect the pump from the pc carry out your application on the spot, using the pump as a standalone unit unique. A screw pump is an axialflow gear pump, similar in operation to a rotary screw compressor. The pumping capacity of the internal gear pump is less in comparison to the external fear pumps. Calculation of theoretical torque and displacement in an. The basic hydraulic models for external gear and gerotor. Gear pump manual original instructions albany pumps.
The theoretical flow ripple of an external gear pump. This process will effect in pressure loss, where reciprocating pump has higher pressure loss compared with continuous flow in each circle of crankshaft rotation, see figure 12. They are one of the most common types of pumps for hydraulic fluid power. They come in many different sizes and designs and a firefighter needs to know how to operate the pump efficiently at all times. In this paper, the flow ripple equation is derived to analyze the effect of working condition on pressure pulsations of an internal gear pump. Inlet and outlet points are made in pump casing for proper fluid transfer. Liquid enters the suction port between the rotor large exterior gear and idler small interior gear teeth. Liquid at discharge line shall be accelerated from low velocity to higher velocity. Some manufacturers produce gear pumps with higher working pressures and speeds but these types of pumps tend to be noisy and special precautions may have. External gear pump free download as powerpoint presentation.
Its purpose is to convert energy of a prime mover a electric motor or turbine first into velocity or kinetic energy and then into pressure energy of a fluid that is being pumped. The principles and the applications of distributed models from 1d to. The most common check valve is the disc type horizontal or vertical. Globalgear is a heavyduty internal gear pump that features an external thrust bearing and heavyduty bracket for supporting bearings and mechanical seals. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. The working principle of external gear pumps is very simple.
A gear pump contains two or more rotating gears inside a casing with high tolerance in between casing and the gears. I mean because of the close clearance between the casing and the teeth of the gears, pressure is developed and we get the pressurized fluid at the end. The gear pump working principle involves the rotary action of two gear toothed rotors which unmeshes at the suction end thus drawing in liquid carries liquid along the gear teeth and meshes at discharge end thus forcing the liquid out against discharge line pressure. The modules listed in the overview are linked to the corresponding pages. It is a hydraulic machine which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Because internal gear pumps have only two moving parts, they are reliable, simple to operate, and easy to maintain. All types of hydraulic motors have common design features. The crescent shape divides the liquid and acts as a.
The main characteristics are valid for hydraulic oils din 51524 with a viscosity of 20 to 50 mm2s. Pressure oil shortage are caused by many factors, execute component hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor own leakage, a hydraulic system joint and pipeline leakage. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The internal gear pump is nonpulsing, selfpriming, and can run dry for short periods. When flow reduces or reverses if the pump fails then the disc falls back into a seat blocking the flow. For these two reasons the leading market for vacuum technology, the semiconductor. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid. They work with just one gear stage, and thanks to their. Reciprocating pump has uncontinous flow to deliver the liquid. While they are often used on thin liquids such as solvents and fuel oil, they excel at efficiently pumping thick liquids such as asphalt, chocolate, and adhesives. The internal gear pumping principle was invented by jens nielsen it uses two rotating gears which unmesh at the suction side of the pump to create voids which allow atmospheric pressure to force fluid into the pump.
External gear pumps can come in single or double two sets of gears pump configurations with spur shown, helical, and herringbone gears. This fine clearance is the main object of concern in this pump. Text headings in each module are linked to and f\ rom the table of contents for that module. The internal design is seen as being reliable, easy to operate and maintain due to only two moving parts being present. Lobe pumps work on the similar principle of working as that of external gear pumps. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Pdf a variable flow internal gear pump is a fixed displacement unit where timing. The spaces between the gear teeth transport the fluid on either side of a crescent to the discharge side, and. Mbwiga, joel mechanical introduction to hydraulics hydraulics is power transmission that uses pressurized liquid to transmit energy from generation point to point of utilization hydraulic systems are power transmitting assemblies employing pressured liquids advantage. Internal gear pumps operating principles angelfire. Arroyo process equipment is proud to be the partner and supplier to fluid processing organizations that understand the importance an equipment supplier can have on. Pdf format this file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. A pump is a machine, powered by an external source, which imparts energy to a fluid or gas.
Abstract the paper comprises research results of the gear pump typical failures and their connection with symptoms observed during the pump working. Internal gear pumps work liquid enters the suction port between the rotor large exterior gear and idler small interior gear teeth. The globalgear internal gear design pump offers more robust construction and a modular design capable of back pullout access to the fluid chamber without disturbing the pipe. Pumps operate by some mechanism typically reciprocating or rotary, and consume. An internal gear pump operates on the same principle but the two interlocking gears.
Hydraulic pumpmotor division hydraulic flow is developed as the pump rotating group is driven by a prime mover hydraulic pump basics fluid is forced out of pump at the pump outlet a partial vacuum is created at the pump inlet and atmospheric pressure forces fluid into pump from the reservoir. Take extra care when working with any electrical equipment associated with the operation of the pump. Gear pump working, construction, maintenance marinersgalaxy. Some gear pumps are designed to function as either a motor or a pump. The piston pump is a rotary unit which uses the principle of the reciprocating pump to produce fluid flow. Review different pump types commonly used understand the difference between centrifugal pumps and positive displacement pumps understand the working principle of the tuthill. Liquid travels through the pump between the teeth of the gear withina gear principle. External gear pumps work external gear pumps are similar in pumping action to internal gear pumps in that two gears come into and out of. The pumps are ideal for use with variable speed drives over a very wide speed range and for operation in reverse mode. The arrows indicate the direction of the pump and liquid, liquid travels through the pump between the teeth of the gearwithinagear principle.
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